NIH, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) NIH - National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute DCTD - Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis

IgH PCR of zinc formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded non-lymphomatous gastric samples produces artifactual "clonal" bands not observed in paired tissues unexposed to zinc formalin

Author(s): Ahrens K, Braylan R, Almasri N, Foss R, Rimsza L

Publication: J Mol Diagn, 2002, Vol. 4, Page 159

PubMed ID: 12169677 PubMed Review Paper? No

Purpose of Paper

To determine if zinc formalin fixation and paraffin embedding may induce artifacts similar in size to the molecular IgH markers used to clinically differentiate MALT-type lymphoma (ML) from nonmalignant Helicobacter pylori-induced (HP) gastritis.

Conclusion of Paper

Nonreproducible, yet distinct, monoclonal bands were observed in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) but not ethanol fixed tissue. Sequencing analysis confirmed that these bands are not a result of nonspecific primer binding, but are in fact an artifact of histological processing. The authors recommend PCR analysis for IgH be run in duplicate on high resolution gels when analyzing FFPE samples.

Studies

  1. Study Purpose

    To determine, retrospectively, if the nonreproducible bands indicative of ML but periodically observed in clinically diagnosed cases of HP gastritis are artifacts of zinc formalin fixation and paraffin embedding.

    Summary of Findings:

    IgH PCR analysis of gastric ML cases yielded monoclonal reproducible bands in 12 of the 16 cases examined. No false negatives were observed in zinc FFPE tissue samples. However, PCR analysis of HP gastritis resulted in distinct non reproducible bands (i.e. a single band of a fluctuating size) in zinc FFPE but not ethanol fixed samples.

    Biospecimens
    Preservative Types
    • Other Preservative
    • Ethanol
    Diagnoses:
    • Other diagnoses
    Platform:
    AnalyteTechnology Platform
    DNA PCR
    Pre-analytical Factors:
    ClassificationPre-analytical FactorValue(s)
    Biospecimen Preservation Type of fixation/preservation 50% ethanol
    10% zinc formalin
  2. Study Purpose

    To determine if the nonreproducible bands observed after IgH PCR analysis in the FFPE HP gastritis cases are a result of nonspecific primer binding.

    Summary of Findings:

    Sequencing of the nonreproducible bands using primers spanning the IgH joining region confirmed they contained rearranged IgH sequence, indicating the amplicons are not due to nonspecific primer binding.

    Biospecimens
    Preservative Types
    • Formalin
    • Other Preservative
    Diagnoses:
    • Other diagnoses
    Platform:
    AnalyteTechnology Platform
    DNA DNA sequencing
    Pre-analytical Factors:
    ClassificationPre-analytical FactorValue(s)
    Biospecimen Preservation Type of fixation/preservation Ethanol
    Zinc formalin

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