Circulating cell free DNA response to exhaustive exercise in average trained men with type I diabetes mellitus.
Author(s): Walczak K, Stawski R, Perdas E, Brzezinska O, Kosielski P, Galczynski S, Budlewski T, Padula G, Nowak D
Publication: Sci Rep, 2021, Vol. 11, Page 4639
PubMed ID: 33633280 PubMed Review Paper? No
Purpose of Paper
The purpose of this paper was to compare blood cell counts and levels of clinical chemistry analytes, nuclear and mitochondrial cell free DNA (cfDNA) in specimens collected from healthy men and those with type I diabetes pre- and post-exercise. Correlations between absolute levels and changes in levels were also examined.
Conclusion of Paper
Despite access to water access the body mass of the subjects was lower following exercise than prior to exercise, which the authors state led to an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin levels and number of erythrocytes, white blood cells (WBC), granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. While most hematological parameters shifted similarly in control and type I diabetes patients, the mean change in platelet count was 1.5-fold higher in type I diabetes patients than healthy controls. Creatinine kinase (CK), lactate, urea, creatine, and cfDNA levels increased with exercise in both healthy controls and patients with diabetes; however, increases in glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were only observed in healthy controls after exercise. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and mitochondrial cfDNA levels were comparable before and after exercise both in healthy controls and patients with type I diabetes. The change in nuclear cfDNA levels after exercise was modestly correlated with distance run to exhaustion, pre- and post-exercise WBC and neutrophil counts, the exercise-induced change in WBC and neutrophil counts, CK, and creatinine in healthy controls, but not patients with type I diabetes.
Studies
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Study Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare blood cell counts and levels of clinical chemistry analytes and nuclear and mitochondrial cfDNA levels between specimens collected from healthy men and those with type I diabetes before and after exercise. The correlation between absolute levels and/or changes in the level of each of the analytes and cfDNA levels was also examined. Blood was collected from 14 men with type I diabetes and 11 healthy men before and immediately following a treadmill run to exhaustion (speed at 70% of subjects VO2 Max as determined 1 week prior to study) into EDTA tubes, tubes with gel and clot activator (for clinical chemistry) and sodium oxalate potassium fluoride (for lactate). Plasma was obtained from EDTA tubes by centrifugation at 1600 g for 10 min at 4°C followed by 16000 g for 5 min at 4°C and stored at -80°C for less than 4 weeks before cfDNA isolation. cfDNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit. Nuclear and mitochondrial cfDNA were quantified by real-time PCR amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the mitochondrial ATP synthase 8 gene, respectively. Blood cell counts, lipid panel, CK activity, AST, ALT, CRP, lactic acid, glucose, urea and creatinine were measured using the assays of the diagnostic laboratory.
Summary of Findings:
The cohort of healthy patients had a higher mean age (P=0.018) as well as higher plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than the type I diabetes patients, but cell counts and other clinical chemistry parameters (with the exception of glucose) were comparable between the groups. Despite access to water, the body mass of subjects was lower following exercise than prior to exercise, which the authors state led to an increase in hematocrit; hemoglobin levels; and number of erythrocytes, white blood cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. While most hematological parameters shifted in a similar pattern in both control and type I diabetes patients, the mean change in platelet count was 1.5-fold higher in type I diabetes patients than healthy controls. CK, lactate, urea and creatine increased with exercise in healthy controls and patients with diabetes (P<0.05, all). Glucose and CRP levels were higher post-exercise than pre-exercise in healthy controls, but not patients with type I diabetes. ALT and AST levels were comparable before and after exercise both in healthy controls and patients with type I diabetes.
Nuclear cfDNA levels were 7.1-fold higher post-exercise relative to pre-exercise in patients with type I diabetes (P=0.004) and a similar (11-fold) increase was observed in healthy controls following exercise (P=0.002). In contrast, mitochondrial cfDNA levels were unaffected by exercise. The change in nuclear cfDNA levels with exercise was modestly correlated with distance run to exhaustion (r=0.66, P=0.026), pre- and post-exercise WBC (r=0.64, P=0.032 and r=0.75, P=0.007, respectively) and neutrophil counts (r=0.63, P=0.04 and r=0.88, P=0.0003, respectively), and the exercise induced change in WBC (r=0.67, P=0.023) and neutrophil (r=0.86, P=0.001) counts, CK (r=0.77, P=0.005), and creatinine (r=0.65, P=0.030) in healthy controls, but not patients with type I diabetes. Neither pre- nor post-exercise levels of mitochondrial cfDNA were associated with any of the other variables measured.
Biospecimens
Preservative Types
- Frozen
Diagnoses:
- Normal
- Diabetes Type 1
Platform:
Analyte Technology Platform Cell count/volume Hematology/ auto analyzer Cell count/volume Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer Carbohydrate Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer Steroid Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer Lipid Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer Small molecule Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer Protein Clinical chemistry/auto analyzer DNA Real-time qPCR Pre-analytical Factors:
Classification Pre-analytical Factor Value(s) Biospecimen Acquisition Time of biospecimen collection Pre-exercise
Post-exercise
Preaquisition Diagnosis/ patient condition Type 1 diabetes
Healthy