Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fiber and polyphenols enhances lipid oxidation and lowers postprandial acylated ghrelin in humans.

Author(s): Gruendel S, Garcia AL, Otto B, Mueller C, Steiniger J, Weickert MO, Speth M, Katz N, Koebnick C

Publication: J Nutr, 2006, Vol. 136, Page 1533-8

PubMed ID: 16702317 PubMed Review Paper? No

Purpose of Paper

Conclusion of Paper

Studies

1. Study Purpose

   The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consumption of carob fiber and postprandial time on glucose, ghrelin, triglycerides, insulin, NEFA, glucose oxidation, and lipid oxidation in blood. Twenty healthy subjects were given a liquid meal enriched with carob fiber after a 10 h fast, and EDTA plasma and serum were collected through an indwelling catheter at set times.

   Summary of Findings:

   Plasma glucose and serum insulin levels peaked 30 min after eating, triglycerides and lipid oxidation peaked 60 min after eating, glucose oxidation peaked 120 min after eating, and energy expenditure peaked 60-120 min after eating. Acetylated ghrelin levels and NEFA bottomed out at 60 and 120-150 min after eating, respectively. The amount of carob fiber consumed had no effects on insulin levels or acetylated ghrelin levels, but the ratio of acetylated to total ghrelin was lower after consumption of 10 or 20 g of carob fiber compared to when no carob fiber was consumed (p=0.021 and p=0.046, respectively). A slight reduction in plasma glucose response was observed when the meal contained 5 g of carob fiber compared to the response when the meal contained no carob fiber (p=0.022), but there was no difference when the meal contained 10 g or 20 g of carob fiber compared to no carob fiber. Peak triglycerides levels (60 min after eating) were decreased by carob fiber consumption in a concentration dependent manner (p<0.001). 120 minutes after eating, serum NEFA levels were decreased by the inclusion of carob fiber in the meal (p<0.001), and this difference was more pronounced when the meal contained 20 g (p<0.001) rather than 5 (p<0.001) or 10 g (p=0.026) of carob fiber compared to when the meal did not contain carob fiber. The changes in glucose oxidation and lipid oxidation were smaller when 20 g of carob fiber was included in the meal than when the meal contained no carob fiber.

   Biospecimens

   • Bodily Fluid - Blood
   • Bodily Fluid - Serum
   • Bodily Fluid - Plasma

   Preservative Types

   • None (Fresh)

   Diagnoses:

   • Normal

   Platform:

   Analyte	Technology Platform
   Peptide	Radioimmunoassay
   Carbohydrate	Colorimetric assay
   Lipid	Colorimetric assay
   Protein	Immunoassay
   Small molecule	Colorimetric assay
   Steroid	Colorimetric assay

   Pre-analytical Factors:

   Classification	Pre-analytical Factor	Value(s)
   Preaquisition	Patient diet	0 g carob fiber 5 g carob fiber 10 g carob fiber 20 g carob fiber
   Biospecimen Acquisition	Time of biospecimen collection	Before meal 15 min after eating 30 min after eating 45 min after eating 60 min after eating 75 min after eating 90 min after eating 120 min after eating 150 min after eating 180 min after eating 210 min after eating 240 min after eating 270 min after eating 300 min after eating

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