Evaluation of an experimental filter designed for improving the quality of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage by simultaneously removing white blood cells and immunomodulators and improving RBC viscoelasticity and Band 3 proteins.
Author(s): Sowemimo-Coker SO
Publication: Transfusion, 2014, Vol. 54, Page 592-601
PubMed ID: 23834280 PubMed Review Paper? No
Purpose of Paper
The purpose of this paper was to determine the effects of filtration and refrigerated storage duration on immunomodulator levels, viscoelasticity and Band 3 content of red blood cells (RBCs).
Conclusion of Paper
During refrigerated storage, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and levels of the Band 3 protein decreased, and the percent of hemolysis, the number of protein bands on SDS PAGE, plastic viscosity and yield stress increased. Filtration significantly reduced the white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, hemolysis, interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels, plastic viscosity and mean yield stress, and filtration increased Band 3 levels. The filtration-related reductions in platelet counts, TNF-alpha, IL-8, sCD40L, plastic viscosity and mean stress were variable during refrigerated storage. Generally during refrigerated storage, significantly less hemolysis and significantly higher Band 3 levels were observed in RBCs filtered using the experimental filter (EF) than those filtered with standard leukoreduction filter (BPF4), while the reduction in ATP content was greater in EF filtered than BPF4 filtered RBCs. Filtration with BPF4 did not affect levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) or supernatant protein levels, but filtration with EF significantly reduced IgA, IgG, and supernatant protein levels and decreased the number of supernatant protein bands. There was no difference between using the BPF4 and the EF on WBC count. When RBCs were filtered on day 21-33 instead of day 1-2 of refrigerated storage, there was no effect of filtration with BPF4 on levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha or sCD40L compared to unfiltered RBCs, but EF filtered RBCs had significantly lower levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and sCD40L than unfiltered RBCs.
Studies
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Study Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of filtration and refrigerated storage duration on immunomodulator levels, viscoelasticity and Band 3 content of RBCs. Non-leukoreduced RBCs in Additive solution 3 (AS-3) were obtained 1-2 days after collection and pooled before being split for filtration.
Summary of Findings:
During refrigerated storage, the ATP content and Band 3 protein levels decreased, and the percent of hemolysis, the number of protein bands on SDS PAGE, plastic viscosity and yield stress increased. Filtration significantly reduced the WBC and platelet counts, hemolysis, IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and sCD40L levels, plastic viscosity and mean yield stress and increased Band 3 levels. The filtration-related reductions in platelet counts, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and sCD40L, plastic viscosity and mean stress were variable during refrigerated storage. Generally during refrigerated storage, significantly less hemolysis and significantly higher Band 3 levels were observed in RBCs filtered using the EF than those filtered with BPF4, while the reduction in ATP content was greater in EF filtered than BPF4 filtered RBCs. Filtration with BPF4 did not affect levels of Ig or supernatant protein levels, but filtration with EF significantly reduced IgA, IgG, and supernatant protein levels and decreased the number of supernatant protein bands. There was no difference between using the BPF4 and the EF on WBC count. When RBCs were filtered on day 21-33 instead of day 1-2 of refrigerated storage, there was no effect of filtration with BPF4 on levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha or sCD40L compared to unfiltered RBCs, but EF filtered RBCs had significantly lower levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha and sCD40L than unfiltered RBCs.
Biospecimens
Preservative Types
- Other Preservative
- None (Fresh)
Diagnoses:
- Normal
Platform:
Analyte Technology Platform Glycoprotein ELISA Cell count/volume Hematology/ auto analyzer Cell count/volume Flow cytometry Small molecule Spectrophotometry Protein Hematology/ auto analyzer Protein ELISA Protein 1D/2D gels Morphology Viscometer Pre-analytical Factors:
Classification Pre-analytical Factor Value(s) Biospecimen Preservation Type of fixation/preservation Refrigeration
None (fresh)
Storage Storage duration 0 days
21 days
42 days
Biospecimen Aliquots and Components Filtration Unfiltered
Filtered with BPF4
Filtered with an experimental filter
Filtered on day 1-2
Filtered on day 21-33